Complete Tenses — Class 7 English Grammar

💡 What Are Tenses?

Tense is the form of a verb that shows the time of an action. It tells us when something happens — in the present, past, or future.

There are three time periods and three types, making 9 tenses in total:

Type	✅ Present	📚 Past	🌟 Future
Simple	I play	I played	I will play
Continuous	I am playing	I was playing	I will be playing
Perfect	I have played	I had played	I will have played

💡

Simple = fact/completed action. Continuous = action in progress. Perfect = action completed before a certain time.

✅ Present Tenses

✅ Simple Present Tense

The Simple Present Tense describes actions that happen regularly, always, or are general facts. It uses the base form (V1).

Structure

Subject + V1 / V1 + s/es

Rules for -s / -es / -ies

Rule	When	Examples
Add -s	Most verbs (with he/she/it)	play → plays, read → reads
Add -es	Verbs ending in -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o	watch → watches, go → goes
-y to -ies	Consonant + y	carry → carries, study → studies
Keep -ys	Vowel + y	play → plays, enjoy → enjoys

When Do We Use It?

✔ Habits & routines

I brush my teeth every morning.

✔ General facts & universal truths

The sun rises in the east.

✔ Timetables & schedules

The train leaves at 6 PM.

✔ Permanent situations

She lives in Mumbai.

Signal Words

alwaysusuallyoftensometimesneverevery daygenerallyrarely

Positive, Negative & Question

Form	Structure	Example
+ (I/you/we/they)	S + V1	They play cricket.
+ (he/she/it)	S + V1+s/es	He plays cricket.
− (I/you/we/they)	S + do not + V1	They do not play cricket.
− (he/she/it)	S + does not + V1	He does not play cricket.
? (I/you/we/they)	Do + S + V1?	Do they play?
? (he/she/it)	Does + S + V1?	Does he play?

Examples

She drinks milk every morning.
We go to school by bus.
The Earth revolves around the Sun.
My father reads the newspaper daily.
They do not watch TV on weekdays.
Does she speak French?
Birds fly south in winter.
Water boils at 100°C.

✏️ Practice — Simple Present

Fill in the blank with the correct Simple Present form of the verb in brackets.

She ______ (go) to school every day.
My mother ______ (cook) delicious food.
The birds ______ (fly) south every winter.
He always ______ (speak) the truth.
Water ______ (freeze) at 0°C.
They ______ (not / like) cold weather.
______ she ______ (play) the guitar?
The Earth ______ (revolve) around the Sun.

✅ Show Answers

goes (she + V1+es)
cooks (my mother = she + V1+s)
fly (birds = they + V1)
speaks (he + V1+s)
freezes (water = it + V1+es)
do not like (they + do not + V1)
Does she play (Does + S + V1?)
revolves (the Earth = it + V1+s)

⏰ Present Continuous Tense

The Present Continuous Tense describes actions happening right now or around the current time. Uses the -ing form.

Structure

Subject + is / am / are + V-ing

🛠

I → am | He/She/It → is | We/You/They → are

When Do We Use It?

Usage	Example
Actions happening right now	Look! The baby is crying.
Temporary situations	My uncle is staying with us this week.
Future plans (arranged)	We are going to Delhi tomorrow.
Changing situations	The weather is getting warmer.
Annoying habits (with "always")	He is always losing his keys!

Signal Words

nowright nowat the momentcurrentlytodaythis weeklook!listen!

Positive, Negative & Question

Form	I	He/She/It	We/You/They
+	am playing	is playing	are playing
−	am not playing	is not playing	are not playing
?	Am I playing?	Is he playing?	Are they playing?

Examples

I am studying for the exam right now.
She is cooking dinner at the moment.
They are playing cricket in the park.
The sun is shining brightly today.
Look! The cat is climbing the tree.
Listen! Someone is singing beautifully.
I am not watching TV right now.
Are you coming to the party tonight?

✏️ Practice — Present Continuous

Fill in the blank with the correct Present Continuous form.

She ______ (cook) dinner right now.
The teacher ______ (explain) the lesson at the moment.
Listen! Someone ______ (knock) at the door.
I ______ (not / watch) TV right now.
Look! It ______ (rain) outside.
The children ______ (play) in the garden now.
______ you ______ (study) for the exam?
She ______ (dance) on stage right now.

✅ Show Answers

is cooking (she + is + V-ing)
is explaining (the teacher + is + V-ing)
is knocking (someone + is + V-ing)
am not watching (I + am not + V-ing)
is raining (it + is + V-ing)
are playing (the children + are + V-ing)
Are you studying (Are + S + V-ing?)
is dancing (she + is + V-ing)

🌟 Present Perfect Tense

The Present Perfect Tense connects the past to the present. It describes an action completed at some time before now — the result matters, not the exact time.

Structure

Subject + has / have + V3 (past participle)

🔑

Has with He/She/It | Have with I/We/You/They

When Do We Use It?

✔ Past action with present result

I have lost my keys. (I still don't have them!)

✔ Life experience

She has visited Paris twice.

✔ Actions that just happened

He has just arrived.

✔ Changes over time

My English has improved.

Signal Words

justalreadyyeteverneversinceforrecentlyso farlately

Positive, Negative & Question

Form	Structure	Example
+	S + has/have + V3	She has written a letter.
−	S + has/have + not + V3	She hasn't written a letter.
?	Has/Have + S + V3?	Has she written a letter?

Examples

I have finished my homework.
She has already eaten lunch.
They have not seen this movie yet.
Have you ever visited Jaipur?
He has lived in Mumbai since 2018.
We have known each other for five years.
I have never ridden a horse.
She has just left the office.

✏️ Practice — Present Perfect

Fill in the blank with the correct Present Perfect form.

She ______ (write) three letters today.
We ______ (not / see) that film yet.
______ you ever ______ (ride) a camel?
He ______ (forget) his password again!
She ______ (not / speak) to him since the party.
I ______ (just / finish) my homework.
They ______ (already / leave) for the airport.
She ______ (live) in Jaipur since 2020.

✅ Show Answers

has written (she + has + V3)
have not seen (we + have not + V3)
Have you ever ridden (Have + S + V3?)
has forgotten (he + has + V3)
has not spoken (she + has not + V3)
have just finished (I + have + just + V3)
have already left (they + have + already + V3)
has lived (she + has + V3)

📚 Past Tenses

📚 Simple Past Tense

The Simple Past Tense describes actions that started and finished at a specific time in the past. Uses the past form (V2).

Structure

Subject + V2 (past form)

Regular Verbs: Adding -ed

Rule	When	Examples
Add -ed	Most verbs	play → played, wash → washed
Add -d	Ending in -e	like → liked, dance → danced
Double + ed	CVC pattern	stop → stopped, plan → planned
-y to -ied	Consonant + y	carry → carried, study → studied

Irregular Verbs (25 Common)

go→went

eat→ate

buy→bought

come→came

see→saw

take→took

give→gave

write→wrote

read→read

drink→drank

run→ran

swim→swam

sing→sang

think→thought

bring→brought

teach→taught

catch→caught

sit→sat

stand→stood

know→knew

speak→spoke

break→broke

find→found

lose→lost

make→made

When Do We Use It?

✔ Completed actions in the past

She visited her grandmother last Sunday.

✔ A series of completed actions

He woke up, brushed his teeth, and ate breakfast.

✔ Past habits (now stopped)

When I was young, I played in the park every evening.

Signal Words

yesterdaylast weeklast monthlast yearagoin 2020the other dayonce upon a time

Positive, Negative & Question

Form	Structure	Example
+	S + V2	She walked to school.
−	S + did not + V1	She did not walk to school.
?	Did + S + V1?	Did she walk to school?

⚠️

Important! In negatives and questions, use did + V1 (base form), NOT V2. "She did not walked" is WRONG. Correct: "She did not walk."

Examples

I watched a movie yesterday.
They went to Jaipur last summer.
She wrote a beautiful poem.
We did not play outside because it rained.
Did you finish your homework?
The dog chased the cat around the garden.
My grandmother told us a wonderful story.
He bought a new bicycle two days ago.

✏️ Practice — Simple Past

Fill in the blank with the correct Simple Past form of the verb.

We ______ (watch) a movie last night.
He ______ (buy) a new phone yesterday.
She ______ (write) three letters last Sunday.
They ______ (go) to the market an hour ago.
I ______ (not / eat) breakfast this morning.
______ she ______ (finish) her homework?
The children ______ (play) in the park yesterday.
He ______ (catch) the ball brilliantly.

✅ Show Answers

watched (watch + ed)
bought (buy → bought, irregular)
wrote (write → wrote, irregular)
went (go → went, irregular)
did not eat (did not + V1)
Did she finish (Did + S + V1?)
played (play + ed)
caught (catch → caught, irregular)

⏪ Past Continuous Tense

The Past Continuous Tense describes actions that were ongoing at a specific time in the past.

Structure

Subject + was / were + V-ing

🛠

I/He/She/It → was | We/You/They → were

When Do We Use It?

Usage	Example
Ongoing action at a specific past time	At 8 PM, I was watching a movie.
Action interrupted by another	I was sleeping when the phone rang.
Two simultaneous past actions	She was cooking while he was reading.
Setting background in a story	The birds were singing and the sun was shining.

Signal Words

whilewhenat that timeall day yesterdayat 5 o'clockas

Past Continuous + Simple Past

Pattern	Example
When + Simple Past, Past Continuous	When the bell rang, students were writing the test.
Past Continuous + when + Simple Past	I was crossing the road when I saw an accident.
While + Past Continuous, Simple Past	While she was shopping, she met her friend.
While + Past Cont., Past Cont.	While Mom was cooking, Dad was cleaning.

Examples

I was reading a novel at 9 PM last night.
The children were playing in the garden all afternoon.
She was writing a letter when her friend arrived.
We were having dinner when the lights went off.
It was raining heavily all day yesterday.
They were not listening to the teacher.
Were you sleeping when I called?
Mom was cooking while Dad was washing the car.

✏️ Practice — Past Continuous

Fill in the blank with the correct Past Continuous form.

They ______ (play) football when it started raining.
I ______ (read) a book at 10 PM last night.
We ______ (have) dinner when the guests arrived.
The baby ______ (sleep) when we came home.
She ______ (not / listen) to the teacher.
______ you ______ (watch) TV when I called?
While Mom ______ (cook), Dad ______ (clean) the house.
It ______ (rain) heavily all morning yesterday.

✅ Show Answers

were playing (they + were + V-ing)
was reading (I + was + V-ing)
were having (we + were + V-ing)
was sleeping (the baby + was + V-ing)
was not listening (she + was not + V-ing)
Were you watching (Were + S + V-ing?)
was cooking / was cleaning
was raining (it + was + V-ing)

✅ Past Perfect Tense

The Past Perfect Tense describes an action completed BEFORE another past action. Think of it as "the past of the past."

Structure

Subject + had + V3 (past participle)

When Do We Use It?

✔ Earlier action before another past action

She had left before I arrived.

✔ Cause before a past result

He failed because he had not studied.

✔ With "by the time"

By the time we reached, the movie had started.

Signal Words

beforeafteralreadyby the timewhenuntilas soon asnever...before

Positive, Negative & Question

Form	Structure	Example
+	S + had + V3	He had finished dinner.
−	S + had not + V3	He hadn't finished dinner.
?	Had + S + V3?	Had he finished dinner?

💡

When two things happened in the past, the EARLIER action = Past Perfect (had + V3), the LATER action = Simple Past (V2).

Examples

He had left before I arrived.
By the time the teacher came, students had already taken their seats.
She had never seen snow before she visited Kashmir.
After he had finished homework, he went out to play.
The train had departed when we reached the station.
I had not eaten anything since morning, so I was very hungry.
They had completed the project before the deadline.
She told me that she had read the book twice.

✏️ Practice — Past Perfect

Fill in the blank with the correct Past Perfect form.

They ______ (eat) dinner before the guests arrived.
The children ______ (go) to bed before their parents came home.
She ______ (never / fly) in a plane before last year.
By the time we reached, the movie ______ (start).
He failed because he ______ (not / study).
______ you ______ (meet) her before the party?
After she ______ (finish) cooking, she sat down to rest.
They ______ (already / leave) when I called.

✅ Show Answers

had eaten (had + V3, before another past action)
had gone (had + V3, before parents came)
had never flown (had + never + V3)
had started (had + V3, by the time...)
had not studied (had + not + V3)
Had you met (Had + S + V3?)
had finished (had + V3, after...)
had already left (had + already + V3)

🌟 Future Tenses

🌟 Simple Future Tense

The Simple Future Tense describes actions that will happen later. Uses will or shall + V1.

Structure

Subject + will / shall + V1

Will vs Shall

Word	Used With	Example
Shall	I, We (formal)	I shall go. / We shall meet.
Will	All subjects (modern)	He will come. / I will go.

When Do We Use It?

✔ Predictions

It will rain tomorrow.

✔ Promises

I will help you with your project.

✔ Instant decisions

"The phone is ringing." — "I will answer it."

✔ Future facts

The exam will start at 10 AM next Monday.

Signal Words

tomorrownext weeknext monthnext yearsoonin the futurelater

Positive, Negative & Question

Form	Structure	Example
+	S + will + V1	She will visit us tomorrow.
−	S + will not + V1	She won't visit us tomorrow.
?	Will + S + V1?	Will she visit us tomorrow?

Examples

I will study hard for the exam.
We shall go to the park this evening.
She will cook dinner tonight.
They will not come to the party.
Will you help me with this problem?
The school will reopen next Monday.
It will be sunny tomorrow.
Shall we begin the meeting?

✏️ Practice — Simple Future

Fill in the blank with the correct Simple Future form.

They ______ (play) football tomorrow.
I ______ (help) you next week.
It ______ (rain) heavily tomorrow.
She ______ (not / come) to the party.
______ you ______ (attend) the meeting?
The school ______ (reopen) on Monday.
We ______ (go) to the zoo next Sunday.
He ______ (not / forget) your birthday.

✅ Show Answers

will play (will + V1)
will help (will + V1)
will rain (will + V1)
will not come (will not + V1)
Will you attend (Will + S + V1?)
will reopen (will + V1)
will go / shall go (will/shall + V1)
will not forget (will not + V1)

🚀 Future Continuous Tense

The Future Continuous Tense describes actions that will be ongoing at a specific future time.

Structure

Subject + will be + V-ing

When Do We Use It?

Usage	Example
Ongoing at a specific future time	At 10 AM tomorrow, I will be taking an exam.
Polite enquiries	Will you be using the car tonight?
Parallel future actions	While I will be studying, she will be painting.

Signal Words

at this time tomorrowby thenall day tomorrowthis time next weekat 8 PM tonight

💡

"will be" stays the same for ALL subjects! No need to worry about was/were or is/am/are.

Examples

I will be studying at this time tomorrow.
She will be travelling to Mumbai next Monday.
At 9 PM tonight, we will be watching the match.
This time next year, he will be attending college.
I will not be working on Sunday.
Will you be joining us for lunch tomorrow?
Don't call at 3 PM — I will be sleeping.
By this time next week, they will be flying to London.

✏️ Practice — Future Continuous

Fill in the blank with the correct Future Continuous form.

I ______ (wait) for you at the station at 5 PM tomorrow.
At this time next month, he ______ (work) in his new office.
Don't disturb me at 3 PM — I ______ (attend) a meeting.
She ______ (travel) to Goa this time next week.
They ______ (not / play) cricket at 8 PM.
______ you ______ (use) the car tonight?
At 10 AM tomorrow, the students ______ (write) the exam.
This time next year, I ______ (study) in college.

✅ Show Answers

will be waiting (will be + V-ing)
will be working (will be + V-ing)
will be attending (will be + V-ing)
will be travelling (will be + V-ing)
will not be playing (will not be + V-ing)
Will you be using (Will + S + be + V-ing?)
will be writing (will be + V-ing)
will be studying (will be + V-ing)

✅ Future Perfect Tense

The Future Perfect Tense describes an action that will be completed BEFORE a specific future time.

Structure

Subject + will have + V3

When Do We Use It?

✔ Completed before a future time

I will have finished by 5 PM.

✔ Completed before another future event

She will have left before you arrive.

Signal Words

by tomorrowby next weekby next yearby the timebeforeby then

Positive, Negative & Question

Form	Structure	Example
+	S + will have + V3	She will have completed the work.
−	S + will not have + V3	She won't have completed the work.
?	Will + S + have + V3?	Will she have completed the work?

Examples

By next Monday, I will have submitted my project.
She will have reached Delhi by evening.
By the time you wake up, I will have cooked breakfast.
They will have built the bridge by December.
We will not have finished the exam before 3 PM.
Will you have learnt all chapters by Friday?
By next year, he will have worked here for ten years.
By the time guests arrive, Mom will have prepared food.

✏️ Practice — Future Perfect

Fill in the blank with the correct Future Perfect form.

By next month, I ______ (save) enough money.
By the time you reach, I ______ (cook) dinner.
She ______ (reach) Delhi by evening.
They ______ (build) the new school by March.
We ______ (not / finish) the project before Friday.
______ you ______ (learn) all chapters by the exam?
By 2030, scientists ______ (discover) many new species.
By the time guests arrive, she ______ (prepare) everything.

✅ Show Answers

will have saved (will have + V3)
will have cooked (will have + V3)
will have reached (will have + V3)
will have built (will have + V3)
will not have finished (will not have + V3)
Will you have learnt (Will + S + have + V3?)
will have discovered (will have + V3)
will have prepared (will have + V3)

📝 -ing Spelling Rules

Used for all Continuous Tenses. Get these right and never lose marks!

Rule	Base Verb	-ing Form
Just add -ing	play, read, eat, talk	playing, reading, eating, talking
Drop silent -e	write, make, dance, come	writing, making, dancing, coming
Double consonant (CVC)	run, sit, swim, stop, get	running, sitting, swimming, stopping, getting
-ie → -ying	die, lie, tie	dying, lying, tying
-ee: just add -ing	see, agree, free	seeing, agreeing, freeing
Double -l (British)	travel, cancel	travelling, cancelling

⚠️

Do NOT double -w, -x, or -y: snow → snowing, fix → fixing, play → playing

✏️ Practice — -ing Forms

Write the correct -ing form of each verb.

run → ______
write → ______
die → ______
play → ______
swim → ______
dance → ______
see → ______
sit → ______
lie → ______
travel → ______
begin → ______
smile → ______

✅ Show Answers

running — CVC: double "n"
writing — Drop silent -e
dying — -ie → -ying
playing — Just add -ing
swimming — CVC: double "m"
dancing — Drop silent -e
seeing — -ee: just add -ing
sitting — CVC: double "t"
lying — -ie → -ying
travelling — Double -l (British)
beginning — CVC: double "n"
smiling — Drop silent -e

🚫 Stative Verbs (Cannot Use Continuous)

Some verbs describe states, not actions. They are NOT used in continuous tenses.

know

to be aware

believe

to think true

to enjoy

love

to feel love

hate

to dislike

want

to desire

need

to require

own

to possess

belong

to be part of

understand

to comprehend

remember

to recall

prefer

to choose

I am knowing the answer.

I know the answer.

📜 Past Participle (V3) Forms

Used for all Perfect Tenses. Regular verbs: V3 = V2 (add -ed). Irregular verbs must be memorised!

V1 (Base)	V2 (Past)	V3 (Past Participle)
go	went	gone
eat	ate	eaten
write	wrote	written
break	broke	broken
take	took	taken
give	gave	given
speak	spoke	spoken
drive	drove	driven
begin	began	begun
drink	drank	drunk
swim	swam	swum
sing	sang	sung
do	did	done
see	saw	seen
know	knew	known
fly	flew	flown
choose	chose	chosen
forget	forgot	forgotten
hide	hid	hidden
steal	stole	stolen
fall	fell	fallen
ride	rode	ridden
wear	wore	worn
tear	tore	torn

💡

Many irregular V3 forms end in -en: eaten, broken, taken, spoken, driven, written, chosen, frozen, stolen, hidden, forgotten, fallen, ridden, bitten, given.

✏️ Practice — V2 and V3 Forms

Write the past (V2) and past participle (V3) forms.

go → V2: ______ V3: ______
eat → V2: ______ V3: ______
drink → V2: ______ V3: ______
write → V2: ______ V3: ______
take → V2: ______ V3: ______
speak → V2: ______ V3: ______
break → V2: ______ V3: ______
swim → V2: ______ V3: ______
sing → V2: ______ V3: ______
fly → V2: ______ V3: ______
forget → V2: ______ V3: ______
fall → V2: ______ V3: ______

✅ Show Answers

go → went gone
eat → ate eaten
drink → drank drunk
write → wrote written
take → took taken
speak → spoke spoken
break → broke broken
swim → swam swum
sing → sang sung
fly → flew flown
forget → forgot forgotten
fall → fell fallen

⚖️ Since vs For

Both used with Present Perfect for duration, but NOT interchangeable.

🔼 SINCE

= from a specific POINT in time

since Monday
since 2019
since January
since morning
since last summer
since I was a child

⏲️ FOR

= for a PERIOD / DURATION

for three days
for five years
for two hours
for a long time
for six months
for ages

🌟

SINCE = Specific Starting point. FOR = Flat length of time.

I have lived here since five years.

I have lived here for five years. ("Five years" is duration)

✏️ Practice — Since or For?

Fill in the blank with "since" or "for".

I have studied English ______ seven years.
She has been absent ______ Tuesday.
We have waited ______ forty minutes.
He has lived in this city ______ 2016.
They have been friends ______ a very long time.
I have not seen her ______ the summer holidays.
The school has been closed ______ three days.
She has played guitar ______ she was eight.
We have not had rain ______ two months.
He has been captain ______ last September.

✅ Show Answers

for seven years (duration)
since Tuesday (specific day)
for forty minutes (duration)
since 2016 (specific year)
for a very long time (duration)
since the summer holidays (specific point)
for three days (duration)
since she was eight (specific point)
for two months (duration)
since last September (specific month)

📊 All 9 Tenses — Grand Comparison

Tense	Structure	Signal Words	Example
Simple Present	S + V1/V1+s	always, every day	She plays.
Present Continuous	S + is/am/are + V-ing	now, right now	She is playing.
Present Perfect	S + has/have + V3	just, already, yet	She has played.
Simple Past	S + V2	yesterday, last week	She played.
Past Continuous	S + was/were + V-ing	while, when, at that time	She was playing.
Past Perfect	S + had + V3	before, by the time	She had played.
Simple Future	S + will + V1	tomorrow, next week	She will play.
Future Continuous	S + will be + V-ing	at this time tomorrow	She will be playing.
Future Perfect	S + will have + V3	by tomorrow, by then	She will have played.

🏆 Mixed Practice — Identify the Tense

Write which of the 9 tenses each sentence uses.

She drinks a glass of milk every morning.
We visited the museum last Saturday.
They will travel to Kerala next month.
Look! The baby is crying.
I was reading a novel at 9 PM last night.
She has already eaten lunch.
He had left before I arrived.
At 10 AM tomorrow, I will be taking an exam.
By next Monday, she will have submitted her project.
The sun sets in the west.
They were playing cricket when it started raining.
Have you ever visited Jaipur?

✅ Show Answers

Simple Present — "drinks" (V1+s), signal: "every morning"
Simple Past — "visited" (V2), signal: "last Saturday"
Simple Future — "will travel", signal: "next month"
Present Continuous — "is crying" (is + V-ing), signal: "Look!"
Past Continuous — "was reading" (was + V-ing), signal: "at 9 PM last night"
Present Perfect — "has eaten" (has + V3), signal: "already"
Past Perfect — "had left" (had + V3), signal: "before"
Future Continuous — "will be taking" (will be + V-ing), signal: "at 10 AM tomorrow"
Future Perfect — "will have submitted" (will have + V3), signal: "by next Monday"
Simple Present — "sets" (V1+s), universal truth
Past Continuous — "were playing" (were + V-ing), signal: "when"
Present Perfect — "have visited" (have + V3), signal: "ever"

🔎 Mixed Practice — Correct the Errors

Each sentence has one error. Find and correct it.

She go to school every day.
They did not went to the market yesterday.
He will comes to the party tomorrow.
She has went to the market.
Does she plays the guitar?
I am knowing the answer.
He will playing football tomorrow at 4 PM.
She is writeing a story at the moment.
They had ate all the food before I came.
We have lived here since five years.
He are running very fast right now.
Did she wrote the letter?

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She goes to school every day. (he/she/it needs V1+es)
They did not go. (after "did not", use V1)
He will come. (after "will", use V1)
She has gone. (V3 of "go" is "gone", not "went")
Does she play? (after "does", use V1 without -s)
I know the answer. ("know" is stative — no continuous)
He will be playing. (Future Continuous needs "will be + V-ing")
She is writing. (drop silent -e before -ing)
They had eaten. (V3 of "eat" is "eaten", not "ate")
We have lived here for five years. (duration = "for")
He is running. ("He" takes "is", not "are")
Did she write? (after "did", use V1)